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The main chemical composition of sapphire is Al2O3, its chemical properties are very stable, generally insoluble in water and not corroded by acid and alkali, only at higher temperature (300 ° C) can be hydrofluoric acid, phosphoric acid and molten potassium hydroxide. eroded. The physical properties are mainly reflected in the high hardness, which is 9 on the Mohs scale, second only to the hardest diamond. It has good light transmittance, thermal conductivity and electrical insulation, good mechanical and mechanical properties, and has the characteristics of wear resistance and wind erosion resistance. The melting point of sapphire crystal is 2050℃, the boiling point is 3500℃, and the maximum working temperature can reach 1900℃.
Sapphire optical windows are flat polished products based on single crystal sapphire processing.
Thinner and stronger than standard glass windows
Single crystal sapphire windows are ideal for demanding applications such as laser systems because of their extremely high surface hardness, high thermal conductivity, high dielectric constant, and resistance to chemical acids and bases. Because the hardness of sapphire is second only to that of diamond, and its structural strength is very high, the thickness of the sapphire window made by the enhanced light transmittance is thinner than that of the general high-dielectric window. Chemically, sapphire is a single crystal of aluminum oxide (Al2O3), which is well suited for transport between 0.2 and 5.5 μm. In general optical applications, the basic needs of customers can be met without coating. Our products can also be coated, screen-printed or special heat-treated according to customer needs to meet the special needs of customers.
The sapphire light window must have the following characteristics:
Material high purity: sapphire crystal grown by bubble method (KY)
High surface quality: the smoothness is at least 40/20, the roughness is less than 0.2nm, and it has a very high flatness
1T Optics provide the customied size of sapphire windows. 
Based on the excellent characteristics of sapphire, it is widely used as a submarine photoelectric window, a shipborne infrared warning system window, a laser equipment window, etc. It can also be used as a pressure sensor window.
Specifications
| Item | Standard | High precision |
| Dimension | Ø2mm~200mm | |
| Dimension tolerance | ±0.1mm | ±0.05mm |
| Clear aperture | >85% of dimension | >90% of dimension |
| Surface quality | 60/40 | 20/10 |
| Surface accuracy | 2λ~5λ @632.8nm | λ/2 @632.8nm |
| Crystal orientation deviation | ≤5° | ≤1° |
| Crystal orientation | C, A, M optional | |
